This book provides a comprehensive overview of the fine-grained image analysis research and modern approaches based on deep learning, spanning the full range of topics needed for designing operational fine-grained image systems. The author begins by providing detailed background information on FGIA, focusing on recognition and retrieval. The author also provides the fundamentals of convolutional neural networks to further make it easier for readers to understand the technical content in the book. The book introduces the main technical paradigms, technological developments, and representative approaches of fine-grained image recognition and fine-grained image retrieval. The author covers multiple popular research topics and includes cross-domain knowledge. The book also highlights advanced applications and topics for future research.