From the late 1930s to the mid-1950s, five big movie studios-Paramount, Warner Bros., Twentieth Century-Fox, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), and RKO-dominated Hollywood's film industry. This "big studio system" operated primarily as a series of assembly-line production factories. Ideally, each churned out fifty-two movies a year, enough to supply showcase theaters across the country with a new lineup each week-with profit being the overriding goal.
Of this era, veteran screenwriter Julius Epstein (
Casablanca
) said: "It was not called the motion picture industry for nothing. [It] was like working at belts in a factory."
Studios assigned the majority of the lower-tier screenplays to directors under long-term contract and expected them to stick to the script and keep productions within the budget. These filmmakers, known as "house directors," often made films quickly, inexpensively, and with limited resources.
Just Making Movies: Company Directors on the Studio System
collects twelve interviews with house directors from this era, all conducted by the author during the 1980s. These previously unpublished interviews provide a clear picture of how the big studio system operated, as told by those who knew it best.
Despite limitations, house directors sometimes made enduring film classics, such as Charles Walters's
Easter Parade
, Henry Koster's
The Bishop's Wife
, George Sidney's
The Three Musketeers
, and Vincent Sherman's
The Hasty Heart
. In these interviews the filmmakers talk candidly about working with such superstars as Joan Crawford, Errol Flynn, Richard Burton, Bette Davis, Judy Garland, Cary Grant, Esther Williams, and Lana Turner.