Psychology has long influenced our thinking about teaching and learning. However, earlier influences of psychology on education were more about not thinking than what we now consider to be the thinking processes necessary for life and work in the 21st century. The narrow boundaries of behaviorism have given way to the complexities of critical thinking, creativity, analysis, connection making and the self-management skills of decision-making, planning and self-evaluation. This book focuses on raising the awareness of scientists and other readers to a form of thinking called design thinking, as well as major findings regarding the affective, motivational and cognitive consequences of insurmountable obstacles and their impact on the thinking process.